LCJ's AMICUS PROGRAM
FighTING FOR PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS IN TRIAL AND APPELLATE COURTS
For LCJ, amicus briefs are an opportunity to deploy our extensive knowledge about procedural fairness whenever and wherever it’s needed, regardless of the court.
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LCJ is the preeminent corporate and defense expert on the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP). Since its founding in 1987, LCJ has advocated for rule reforms aimed at helping the FRCP achieve Rule 1’s objective of securing “the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action and proceeding.” LCJ’s amicus program is integral to our mission because judicial interpretations can dramatically change a rule’s effectiveness. As amicus curiae, LCJ employs its deep experience and unique perspective to help ensure sensible interpretations of civil rules. The below cases are representative of LCJ’s amicus program.
If you would like for LCJ to consider a request for amicus support, please complete this form and email it to LCJ's Executive Director Andrea Looney. |
Featured amicus victory
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit declares federal rules of civil procedure have force of law
LCJ filed an amicus brief, authored by Mary Massaron (LCJ member and a partner at Plunkett Cooney), asking the Court to enforce the FRCP by issuing a writ of mandamus to correct three rulings of the district court that did not conform to the rules' requirements. This included the district court's disregard of Rule 16(b) in granting leave to amend a complaint 19 months after the deadline and well after the close of discovery. The district court also failed to consider the defendants' motion to dismiss the amended complaint.
This is an enormously important ruling not only for this high-stakes multi-district litigation, but also because it holds that MDLs must comply with the FRCP just like in any other case - a position LCJ has been advocating strongly as part of our Rules4MDLs project. The panel clearly stated that there is no "MDL exception" to the FRCP.
The Sixth Circuit ruled that “the district court’s decision to grant leave to amend was plainly incorrect as a matter of law...” and ordered that the counties’ November 2019 amendments to their complaints, adding dispensing claims against the pharmacies roughly 17 months after the deadline for such amendments, be stricken. You can read the opinion here.
The court continued: “What an MDL court may not do, however, is distort or disregard the rules of law applicable to each of those cases. The rules at issue here are the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which have the same force of law that any statute does.”
The ruling concludes: “MDLs are not some kind of judicial border country, where the rules are few and the law rarely makes an appearance. For neither § 1407 nor Rule 1 remotely suggests that, whereas the Rules are law in individual cases, they are merely hortatory in MDL ones.”
This is an enormously important ruling not only for this high-stakes multi-district litigation, but also because it holds that MDLs must comply with the FRCP just like in any other case - a position LCJ has been advocating strongly as part of our Rules4MDLs project. The panel clearly stated that there is no "MDL exception" to the FRCP.
The Sixth Circuit ruled that “the district court’s decision to grant leave to amend was plainly incorrect as a matter of law...” and ordered that the counties’ November 2019 amendments to their complaints, adding dispensing claims against the pharmacies roughly 17 months after the deadline for such amendments, be stricken. You can read the opinion here.
The court continued: “What an MDL court may not do, however, is distort or disregard the rules of law applicable to each of those cases. The rules at issue here are the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which have the same force of law that any statute does.”
The ruling concludes: “MDLs are not some kind of judicial border country, where the rules are few and the law rarely makes an appearance. For neither § 1407 nor Rule 1 remotely suggests that, whereas the Rules are law in individual cases, they are merely hortatory in MDL ones.”
Our most recent amicus
attorney general maura healey v. facebook, inc.
Lawyers for Civil Justice has submitted a brief as amicus curiae in the case of Attorney General Maura Healey v. Facebook, Inc., currently pending on Direct Appellate Review in the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. Facebook’s appeal raises the proper scope and application of the Massachusetts attorney-client and attorney work product privileges, when invoked in response to the state Attorney General’s Civil Investigative Demand. The Suffolk County Superior Court denied Facebook’s claims of privilege, ordering Facebook to produce materials created as part of its internal, attorney-led App Developer Investigation initiated in response to the highly public news of Facebook user data misappropriation by Cambridge Analytica.
On behalf of LCJ, Campbell Conroy & O’Neil argued that information and material resulting from Facebook’s full-scale, attorney-driven, retrospective investigation fall squarely within the scope of the work product doctrine. That protection is lessened neither by Facebook’s separate ongoing commitment to conduct routine monitoring and enforcement over the Facebook Platform, nor by the investigation’s dual purpose in benefitting Facebook’s business interests. As argued by LCJ, a contrary holding would erode the attorney-client relationship and work to the detriment of sound business practices that should encourage internal investigations.
In late March, the Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) noted LCJ's amicus brief in its opinion holding that an internal investigation was conducted "in anticipation of litigation" and therefore constitutes work-product. LCJ's amicus brief argued that companies' internal investigations - and specifically the one at issue - are performed "in anticipation of litigation" regardless of routine reporting or enforcement procedures, even if the investigation also may serve a business-related purpose. The Court disagreed with the trial judge's ruling that the large-scale, counsel-led investigation into Facebook conducted was not done "in anticipation of litigation" for purposes of the work product doctrine. The Court, however, also concluded that the Attorney General demonstrated substantial need for production of documents that constitute "fact work product." You can read the decision, here.
On behalf of LCJ, Campbell Conroy & O’Neil argued that information and material resulting from Facebook’s full-scale, attorney-driven, retrospective investigation fall squarely within the scope of the work product doctrine. That protection is lessened neither by Facebook’s separate ongoing commitment to conduct routine monitoring and enforcement over the Facebook Platform, nor by the investigation’s dual purpose in benefitting Facebook’s business interests. As argued by LCJ, a contrary holding would erode the attorney-client relationship and work to the detriment of sound business practices that should encourage internal investigations.
In late March, the Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) noted LCJ's amicus brief in its opinion holding that an internal investigation was conducted "in anticipation of litigation" and therefore constitutes work-product. LCJ's amicus brief argued that companies' internal investigations - and specifically the one at issue - are performed "in anticipation of litigation" regardless of routine reporting or enforcement procedures, even if the investigation also may serve a business-related purpose. The Court disagreed with the trial judge's ruling that the large-scale, counsel-led investigation into Facebook conducted was not done "in anticipation of litigation" for purposes of the work product doctrine. The Court, however, also concluded that the Attorney General demonstrated substantial need for production of documents that constitute "fact work product." You can read the decision, here.
The case names below link to LCJ’s other recent amicus briefs:
In re Albany County v McKesson
Court: Sixth Circuit
Issue: In opposition to the federal district court’s order that would result in the certification of a “negotiating class.”
Outcome: The court held: “we do not see how the negotiation class can be squared with Rule 23,” and courts “are not free to amend a rule outside the process Congress ordered.” Read the full decision from the Sixth Circuit, here.
Court: Sixth Circuit
Issue: In opposition to the federal district court’s order that would result in the certification of a “negotiating class.”
Outcome: The court held: “we do not see how the negotiation class can be squared with Rule 23,” and courts “are not free to amend a rule outside the process Congress ordered.” Read the full decision from the Sixth Circuit, here.
In re Suzuki Motor Corporation
Court: Florida Supreme Court
Issue: Whether high-level officials should be deposed where: (1) they have no personal or unique knowledge about the relevant facts, or (2) there is an adequate, less intrusive discovery option—such as deposing lower-level personnel with more direct knowledge about relevant facts.
Outcome: Ongoing
In re Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. and Toyota Motor Corporation
Court: Texas Supreme Court
Issue: Whether the trial court’s refusal to treat information about the security of a company’s information-technology systems as confidential under the court’s protective order, information that could subject parties to cybersecurity intrusions, establishes a dangerous precedent
Outcome: Protective order honored by Plaintiff's counsel within two weeks of amicus filing
Frank v. Gaos
Court: U.S. Supreme Court
Issue: Whether Rule 23’s requirement that a settlement binding on class members be “fair, reasonable, and adequate,” cannot be satisfied by a cy pres award, especially when there is no direct relief to class members
Outcome: Remanded for the courts below to address the plaintiffs’ standing
In re Qualcomm Antitrust Litigation
Court: Northern District of California
Issue: Whether capricious discovery sanctions order issued to a non-party litigant (Apple) were narrowly tailored to remedy the prejudice
Outcome: Discovery sanctions lifted by Judge Koh, who referred to the LCJ brief in her ruling. Read the order here and a Corporate Counsel article about the case here.
In re State Farm Lloyds, Inc.
Court: Texas Supreme Court
Issue: Whether costly and unnecessary requirement to produce ESI in particular format was unnecessary
Outcome: The Texas Supreme Court held that "Under our discovery rules, neither party may dictate the form of electronic discovery. The requesting party must specify the desired form of production, but all discovery is subject to the proportionality overlay embedded in our discovery rules . . ." Unless ordered otherwise, however, “the responding party need only produce the data reasonably available in the ordinary course of business in reasonably usable form.” You may read the entire opinion here.
In re State Farm Fire and Casualty Company
LaBrier v. State Farm Fire and Casualty Company
Court: 8th Circuit
Issue: Whether the district court’s discovery order failed to incorporate proportionality as a core, guiding principle in a class action post-2015 amendments
Outcome: The appellate court reversed the trial court's certification of the class and vacated the order upholding premature class wide discovery. You may read the entire opinion here.
Campbell-Ewald Company v. Jose Gomez
Court: U. S. Supreme Court
Issue: Whether the question of allowing an offer of relief to the named plaintiff to moot a class action complaint is more appropriately addressed by the Court or by the rule making process.
Outcome: An unaccepted settlement offer or offer of judgment does not moot a plaintiff's case, so the district court retains jurisdiction to adjudicate the plaintiff’s complaint.
Court: Florida Supreme Court
Issue: Whether high-level officials should be deposed where: (1) they have no personal or unique knowledge about the relevant facts, or (2) there is an adequate, less intrusive discovery option—such as deposing lower-level personnel with more direct knowledge about relevant facts.
Outcome: Ongoing
In re Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. and Toyota Motor Corporation
Court: Texas Supreme Court
Issue: Whether the trial court’s refusal to treat information about the security of a company’s information-technology systems as confidential under the court’s protective order, information that could subject parties to cybersecurity intrusions, establishes a dangerous precedent
Outcome: Protective order honored by Plaintiff's counsel within two weeks of amicus filing
Frank v. Gaos
Court: U.S. Supreme Court
Issue: Whether Rule 23’s requirement that a settlement binding on class members be “fair, reasonable, and adequate,” cannot be satisfied by a cy pres award, especially when there is no direct relief to class members
Outcome: Remanded for the courts below to address the plaintiffs’ standing
In re Qualcomm Antitrust Litigation
Court: Northern District of California
Issue: Whether capricious discovery sanctions order issued to a non-party litigant (Apple) were narrowly tailored to remedy the prejudice
Outcome: Discovery sanctions lifted by Judge Koh, who referred to the LCJ brief in her ruling. Read the order here and a Corporate Counsel article about the case here.
In re State Farm Lloyds, Inc.
Court: Texas Supreme Court
Issue: Whether costly and unnecessary requirement to produce ESI in particular format was unnecessary
Outcome: The Texas Supreme Court held that "Under our discovery rules, neither party may dictate the form of electronic discovery. The requesting party must specify the desired form of production, but all discovery is subject to the proportionality overlay embedded in our discovery rules . . ." Unless ordered otherwise, however, “the responding party need only produce the data reasonably available in the ordinary course of business in reasonably usable form.” You may read the entire opinion here.
In re State Farm Fire and Casualty Company
LaBrier v. State Farm Fire and Casualty Company
Court: 8th Circuit
Issue: Whether the district court’s discovery order failed to incorporate proportionality as a core, guiding principle in a class action post-2015 amendments
Outcome: The appellate court reversed the trial court's certification of the class and vacated the order upholding premature class wide discovery. You may read the entire opinion here.
Campbell-Ewald Company v. Jose Gomez
Court: U. S. Supreme Court
Issue: Whether the question of allowing an offer of relief to the named plaintiff to moot a class action complaint is more appropriately addressed by the Court or by the rule making process.
Outcome: An unaccepted settlement offer or offer of judgment does not moot a plaintiff's case, so the district court retains jurisdiction to adjudicate the plaintiff’s complaint.
